Imvelaphi
Kwilizwe lethu, i-calcium yabonakala ngendlela yesinyithi, ebuyela kwenye yeeprojekthi eziphambili ezincediswa yiSoviet Union kwilizwe lethu ngaphambi kwe-1958, ishishini lomkhosi wezomkhosi eBaotou. Kubandakanya indlela ye-cathode yolwelo (i-electrolysis) umgca wokuvelisa i-calcium yesinyithi. Ngomnyaka we-1961, ulingo oluncinci lwavelisa i-calcium yensimbi efanelekileyo.
Uphuhliso:
Umhla we-1980s ukuya ekuqaleni koo-1990, kunye nohlengahlengiso lweqhinga lwelizwe lwamashishini omkhosi kunye nesiphakamiso somgaqo-nkqubo "womkhosi ukuya kuluntu", i-calcium yesinyithi yaqala ukungena kwimarike yoluntu. Kwi-2003, njengoko imfuno yemarike ye-calcium yensimbi iqhubekile ikhula, iSixeko sase-Baotou siye saba sesona siseko sokuvelisa i-calcium yesinyithi yelizwe, Apho imigca yemveliso ye-electrolytic ye-calcium emine, kunye nomthamo wonyaka wemveliso yeetoni ze-5,000 ze-calcium yensimbi kunye neemveliso.
Ukuvela kweCalcium Aluminium Alloy:
Ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwe-metallic calcium (851°C), ilahleko evuthayo ye-calcium kwinkqubo yokongeza i-metallic calcium kulwelo olunyibilikisiweyo lwelothe iphezulu malunga ne-10%, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu, ubunzima bolawulo lokubumba, kunye nexesha elide. ukusetyenziswa kwamandla adla ixesha. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukwenza i-alloy kunye ne-aluminium yensimbi kunye ne-calcium yensimbi ukuze inyibilike kancinane umaleko. Ukubonakala kwe-calcium aluminium alloy ijolise ngokuchanekileyo ekusombululeni esi siphene kwinkqubo yokulungiselela i-lead calcium aluminium alloy.
|
Indawo yokunyibilika yealloyi ye-calcium-aluminium |
|
|
Umxholo weCa% |
Indawo yokunyibilika |
|
60 |
860 |
|
61 |
835 |
|
62 |
815 |
|
63 |
795 |
|
64 |
775 |
|
65 |
750 |
|
66 |
720 |
|
67 |
705 |
|
68 |
695 |
|
69 |
680 |
|
70 |
655 |
|
71 |
635 |
|
72 |
590 |
|
73 |
565 |
|
74 |
550 |
|
75 |
545 |
|
76 |
585 |
|
77 |
600 |
|
78 |
615 |
|
79 |
625 |
|
80 |
630 |
Ukuveliswa kwe-calcium aluminium alloy yinkqubo yokunyibilika kunye ne-fusing kwisimo se-vacuum usebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu ngokomlinganiselo othile we-calcium yensimbi kunye ne-aluminium yensimbi.
Ulwahlulo lweCalcium Aluminium Alloy:
I-alloy ye-calcium ye-aluminium ihlelwa ngokubanzi kwi-70-75% ye-calcium, i-25-30% ye-aluminium; 80-85% calcium, 15-20% aluminium; kunye ne-70-75% ye-calcium 25-30%. Isenokwenziwa ngokwemfuneko ngokwemfuno. Ingxubevange yealluminiyam yeCalcium inentsimbi ecwebezelayo, indalo edlamkileyo, kwaye umgubo ocolekileyo kulula ukuwutshisa emoyeni. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-master alloy, ukucokisa kunye ne-arhente yokunciphisa kwi-metal smelting. Iimveliso zinikezelwa ngendlela yeebhloko zendalo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukucutshungulwa zibe yimveliso yobukhulu obuhlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi.
Ukuhlelwa koMgangatho we
Njenge-master alloy, iimfuno zomgangatho we-calcium aluminium alloy zingqongqo kakhulu. (1) Umxholo we-metallic calcium uguquguquka kuluhlu oluncinci; (2) I-alloy ayifanele ibe nokwahlula; (3) Ukungcola okuyingozi kufuneka kulawulwe kuluhlu olufanelekileyo; (4) Makungabikho i-oxidation kumphezulu we-alloy; Ngelo xesha, ukuveliswa, ukupakishwa, ukuthutha kunye nokugcinwa kwe-calcium aluminium alloy kuyadingeka Inkqubo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Kwaye abavelisi be-calcium-aluminium alloys esibanikayo kufuneka babe neziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni.
Ukuthutha kunye nokugcinwa
Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-calcium aluminium alloy zisebenza kakhulu. Kulula ukwenza i-oxidize kwaye ivutha lula xa ibonakaliswe emlilweni, amanzi kunye nefuthe elibi.
1. Ukupakishwa
Emva kokuba i-alloy ye-aluminium ye-calcium ityunyuziwe ngokwenkcazo ethile, ifakwe kwisikhwama seplastiki, ilinganiswe, izaliswe ngegesi ye-argon, ivalwe ngobushushu, kwaye ifakwe kwi-drum yentsimbi (i-drum standard international). Umgqomo wentsimbi unemisebenzi emihle engenamanzi, yodwa emoyeni kunye ne-anti-impact.
2. Ukulayisha nokukhulula
Ngexesha lokulayisha kunye nokukhupha, i-forklift okanye i-crane (i-hoist yombane) kufuneka isetyenziswe ukulayisha kunye nokukhupha. Imigqomo yentsimbi akufuneki iqengqeleke okanye iphoswe phantsi ukuthintela umonakalo kwingxowa yokupakisha kunye nokulahleka kokhuseleko. Iimeko ezimandundu ngakumbi zinokubangela ukutshiswa kwealloyi ye-calcium aluminium emgqomeni.
3. Ezothutho
Ngexesha lokuthutha, gxininisa ekukhuseleni umlilo, ukuthintela amanzi kunye nokuthintela impembelelo.
4. Ugcino
Ubomi beshelufu ye-calcium aluminium alloy ziinyanga ezi-3 ngaphandle kokuvula umgqomo. Ialloyimu yealluminiyam yeCalcium akufunekanga igcinwe kwindawo evulekileyo, kwaye kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo nengenamvula. Emva kokuvula isikhwama sokupakisha, kufuneka sisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba i-alloy ayinakusetyenziswa ngexesha, umoya kwisikhwama sokupakisha kufuneka uphelelwe. Bopha umlomo ngokuqinileyo ngentambo, uze uwubuyisele kwigubu lentsimbi. Ukutywina ukuthintela i-alloy oxidation.
5. Kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukutyumza i-calcium-aluminium alloy kwiidramu zentsimbi okanye iingxowa zokupakisha ezine-calcium-aluminium alloy ukuphepha umlilo. Ukutyunyuzwa kwe-calcium aluminium alloy kufuneka kuqhutywe kwi-plate ye-aluminium.
