Ulungiselelo lwe
Ngenxa yomsebenzi onamandla kakhulu weCalcium Metal, yaveliswa ikakhulu yi-electrolytic enyibilikisiweyo ye-calcium chloride okanye i-calcium hydroxide kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indlela yokunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ibe yindlela ephambili yokuvelisa i-Calcium Metal.
Indlela yokunciphisa kukusebenzisa i-aluminiyam yesinyithi ukunciphisa ikalika phantsi kwe-vacuum kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye emva koko ulungise ukufumana i-calcium.
Indlela yokunciphisa ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-limestone njengento eluhlaza, i-calcined calcium oxide kunye ne-aluminium powder njenge-agent yokunciphisa.
Ipulverized calcium oxide kunye nomgubo wealuminiyam zixutywe ngokufanayo kumlinganiselo othile, zicinezelwe kwiibhloko, kwaye zisabele ngaphantsi kwe-0.01 vacuum kunye ne-1050-1200 â yobushushu. Ukuvelisa umphunga we-calcium kunye ne-calcium aluminate.
Indlela yokusabela yile: 6CaO 2Alâ3Ca 3CaOâ¢Al2O3
Umphunga wekhalsiyam ocuthiweyo ukhazimla kwi-750-400°C. I-crystalline calcium iyancibilika kwaye iphoswe phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-argon ukufumana i-ingot ye-calcium exineneyo.
Izinga lokubuyisela i-calcium eveliswa yindlela yokunciphisa ngokubanzi malunga ne-60%.
Kuba inkqubo yayo yetekhnoloji ikwalula, indlela yokunciphisa yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuvelisa i-metallic calcium kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ukutsha phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kunokufikelela ngokulula kwindawo yokunyibilika kwe-metallic calcium, ngoko kuya kubangela ukutsha kwe-metallic calcium.
I-electrolysis yangaphambili yayiyindlela yoqhagamshelwano, eyaphuculwa kamva kwi-electrolysis ye-cathode yamanzi.
I-electrolysis yoqhagamshelwano yaqala ukusetyenziswa nguW. Rathenau ngo-1904. I-electrolyte esetyenzisiweyo ngumxube weCaCl2 kunye neCaF2. I-anode yeseli ye-electrolytic ifakwe ngekhabhoni efana negraphite, kwaye i-cathode yenziwe ngentsimbi.
I-electrolytically desorbed calcium idada kumphezulu we-electrolyte kwaye ijiya kwi-cathode xa idibana nentsimbi yentsimbi. Njengoko i-electrolysis iqhubeka, i-cathode iphakama ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-calcium yenza intonga efana ne-karoti kwi-cathode.
Ukungalungi kokuveliswa kwe-calcium ngendlela yoqhagamshelwano kukuba: ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwe-Calcium Metal kwi-electrolyte, ukusebenza okuphantsi kwangoku, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wemveliso (malunga ne-1% ye-chlorine umxholo).
Indlela ye-cathode yolwelo isebenzisa i-alloy ye-copper-calcium (equlethe i-10% -15% ye-calcium) njenge-cathode yolwelo kunye ne-graphite electrode njenge-anode. I-electrolytically desorbed calcium ifakwe kwi-cathode.
Iqokobhe leseli ye-electrolytic yenziwe ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo. I-electrolyte ngumxube we-CaCl2 kunye ne-KCI. I-Copper ikhethwa njengokwakhiwa kwe-alloy ye-cathode yolwelo kuba kukho indawo ebanzi kakhulu ephantsi yokunyibilika kwindawo ephezulu yomxholo we-calcium kumzobo wesigaba se-copper-calcium, kunye ne-alloy ye-copper-calcium enomxholo we-calcium we-60% -65 I-% inokulungiswa ngaphantsi kwe-700 °C.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluncinci lomphunga wobhedu, kulula ukuhlukana ngexesha lokucoca. Ukongeza, i-copper-calcium alloys equlethe i-60% -65% ye-calcium inoxinaniso oluphezulu (2.1-2.2g/cm³), olunokuqinisekisa ukuchithwa kakuhle kwe-electrolyte. Umxholo we-calcium kwi-alloy ye-cathode akufanele idlule i-62% -65%. Ukusebenza kwangoku malunga ne-70%. Ukusetyenziswa kweCaCl2 ngekhilogram ye-calcium yi-3.4-3.5 kilogram.
I-alloy ye-copper-calcium eveliswa yi-electrolysis iphantsi kwe-distillation nganye phantsi kweemeko ze-0.01 Torr vacuum kunye ne-750-800 â yobushushu ukususa ukungcola okuguquguqukayo okufana ne-potassium kunye nesodium.
Emva koko i-distillation yesibini ye-vacuum iqhutyelwa kwi-1050-1100 ° C, i-calcium iyancipha kwaye ifakwe kwi-crystallized kwindawo engaphezulu yetanki ye-distillation, kunye ne-copper eseleyo (equlethe i-10% -15% ye-calcium) ishiywe emazantsi e-calcium. itanki kwaye ibuyiselwe kwi-electrolyzer ukuze isetyenziswe.
I-crystalline calcium ethathiweyo yi-industrial calcium enebakala le-98% -99%. Ukuba umxholo opheleleyo wesodium kunye ne-magnesium kwi-CaCl2 ekrwada ingaphantsi kwe-0.15%, i-alloy ye-copper-calcium inokudityaniswa kube kanye ukufumana i-metallic calcium enomxholo we-â¥99%.
I-calcium ephezulu ecocekileyo inokufumaneka ngokunyanga i-calcium ye-industrial nge-vacuum distillation ephezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqondo lokushisa le-distillation lilawulwa ukuba libe yi-780-820 ° C, kwaye i-vacuum degree yi-1 × 10-4. Unyango lwe-distillation alusebenzi kangako ekucoceni iikloridi kwi-calcium.
I-Nitride inokongezwa ngaphantsi kweqondo lobushushu le-distillation ukwenza ityuwa ephindwe kabini ngendlela yeCanCloNp. Le tyuwa ephindwe kabini inoxinzelelo lomphunga ophantsi kwaye ayiguquguquki lula kwaye ihlala kwintsalela yedistillation.
Ngokudibanisa i-nitrogen compounds kunye nokuhlanjululwa nge-vacuum distillation, isamba sezinto ezingcolileyo i-chlorine, i-manganese, ithusi, isinyithi, i-silicon, i-aluminium, i-nickel kunye ne-nickel kwi-calcium ingancitshiswa ibe yi-1000-100ppm, kunye ne-calcium ephezulu ye-99.9% -99.99% inokufumaneka.
Ukwandiswa okanye ugqitywe kwiintonga kunye neepleyiti, okanye unqunyulwe kwiincinci ezincinci kwaye zipakishwe kwiibhotile ezingenawo umoya.
Ngokwezi ndlela zintathu zokulungiselela zingentla, kunokubonwa ukuba indlela yokunciphisa inenkqubo elula yezobuchwepheshe, idla amandla amancinci kwaye ichitha ixesha elincinci, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.
Ngoko ke, indlela yokunciphisa yindlela ephambili yokuvelisa i-Calcium Metal kwiminyaka yamuva.
